StrongerBible

peinaō

πεινάω

GreekG3983be hungry, hunger

Appears 23 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 4:2Mat 5:6Mat 12:1Mat 12:3Mat 21:18Mat 25:35Mat 25:37Mat 25:42Mat 25:44Mrk 2:25Mrk 11:12Luk 1:53Luk 4:2Luk 6:3Luk 6:21Luk 6:25Jhn 6:35Rom 12:201Co 4:111Co 11:211Co 11:34Php 4:12Rev 7:16
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studypay-NAH-ohverb

What peinaō means

to be hungry: to feel the bodily need for food, and so to crave something as intensely as a starving person craves a meal

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

At its core the word names one of the plainest human experiences: the pang of needing food. It is what Jesus felt after forty days without eating, what drove David and his men to eat the consecrated bread, what sent the disciples through the grainfields plucking heads of wheat, and what Paul endured in the hardships of his mission.

Because hunger is among the most driving of all human wants, the word also reaches beyond the stomach to picture intense longing. In the Sermon on the Mount, those who hunger and thirst for righteousness want to be right with God the way a starving person wants bread. In John, Jesus promises that whoever comes to him will never hunger again, using a physical image for a deeper kind of satisfaction.

Scripture often makes literal hunger a marker of who God cares for and how he overturns fortunes: he fills the hungry with good things and sends the rich away empty, and in the end the redeemed will hunger no more. Whether the need is physical or figurative, the word always carries the ache of a real lack that is waiting to be filled.

Nuances

1ato be hungry: to feel the physical need for food
Mat 4:2Mat 12:1Mat 12:3Mat 21:18Mat 25:35Mat 25:37Mat 25:42Mat 25:44Mrk 2:25Mrk 11:12Luk 4:2Luk 6:3
1bto hunger for something: to crave it with the intensity of physical hunger
Mat 5:6Jhn 6:35

What scholars say about peinaō

BDAG distinguishes two senses for πεινάω: literal, to feel the pangs of a lack of food, and figurative, to have a strong desire for something (with Matthew 5:6 hungering for righteousness as the paradigm case). The verb is well attested in classical and Hellenistic Greek (LSJ) and renders Hebrew רָעֵב in the Septuagint. Goppelt's TDNT article traces the biblical development from bodily need to eschatological reversal (the hungry filled, Luke 1:53; hunger abolished, Revelation 7:16) and to the metaphor of hungering for righteousness and for Christ as the bread of life (John 6:35). The lexical sense is uncontested; interpretive debate concerns only whether Luke's beatitude (6:21) intends literal or spiritualized hunger.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. πεινάωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. πεινάωlexicon
  • L. Goppelt, "πεινάω," TDNT 6:12-22theological-dictionary

All attested forms of πεινάω

aorist active indicative 3s

ἐπείνασεν

Mat 4:2, Mat 12:3, Mat 21:18, Mrk 2:25, Mrk 11:12, Luk 4:2, Luk 6:3

aorist active indicative 1s

ἐπείνασα

Mat 25:35, Mat 25:42

present active indicative 3s

πεινᾷ

1Co 11:21, 1Co 11:34

present active participle accusative m s

πεινῶντα

Mat 25:37, Mat 25:44

present active participle nominative m p

πεινῶντες

Mat 5:6, Luk 6:21

aorist active indicative 3p

ἐπείνασαν

Mat 12:1

aorist active subjunctive 3s

πεινάσῃ

Jhn 6:35

future active indicative 2p

πεινάσετε

Luk 6:25

future active indicative 3p

πεινάσουσιν

Rev 7:16

present active indicative 1p

πεινῶμεν

1Co 4:11

present active infinitive

πεινᾶν

Php 4:12

present active participle accusative m p

πεινῶντας

Luk 1:53

present active subjunctive 3s

πεινᾷ

Rom 12:20