StrongerBible

homothumadon

ὁμοθυμαδόν

GreekG3661with one accord, together, ...

Appears 11 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Act 1:14Act 2:46Act 4:24Act 5:12Act 7:57Act 8:6Act 12:20Act 15:25Act 18:12Act 19:29Rom 15:6
Compound of
Word studyho-mo-thoo-mah-DONadverb

What homothumadon means

with one accord: as a group whose members share one purpose and move as a single body

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyContested

Luke uses this word almost as a signature. Ten of its eleven appearances in the New Testament are in Acts, and every one of them describes a group of people doing one thing as though they were one person. The word was built long ago out of two older pieces meaning "same" and "inner drive," so at full strength it points not merely at bodies in the same room but at wills aimed the same direction.

That one picture covers a surprising range:

  • the first believers holding to prayer as one body
  • a council that has argued its way to a settled agreement
  • two cities sending a joint delegation to a hostile king
  • a crowd of listeners hanging on one preacher's words
  • a lynch mob rushing a man with their ears stopped

The word passes no verdict on whether the shared impulse is good. It reports only that a group moved as one, which is why Luke can use it of the church at prayer and of the men who dragged Paul before a judge.

That is what separates it from the plain word for being together (ὁμοῦ), which says where people are and not what they share. It stands nearer to being like-minded (ὁμόφρων) and to being one in soul (σύμψυχος), except that those two name an inward disposition while this word names that disposition already in motion.

Scholars differ over how much of the "one mind" force the word still carried by the first century. In a few verses, such as Acts 2:46 and Acts 5:12, it may mean little more than everyone in one place at one time. Elsewhere the surrounding words make the shared mind unmistakable, as when Romans 15:6 pairs it with speaking "with one mouth."

Nuances

1awith one heart: a group acting as one because they truly want the same thing
Act 1:14Act 2:46Act 4:24Act 5:12Rom 15:6
1bby settled agreement: a group that has come to one mind and now acts on that agreement
Act 12:20Act 15:25
1cas one, all at once: a crowd caught up in the same impulse and moving on it together
TranslatabilityApproximate
Act 7:57Act 8:6Act 18:12Act 19:29

What scholars say about homothumadon

The adverb is a compound of ὁμός ("same") and θυμός ("spirit, passion, impulse"), attested in classical Greek and frequent in Hellenistic decrees and inscriptions, where it marks a resolution taken by common consent. The Septuagint uses it several dozen times, most often for Hebrew יַחְדָּו, as at Exodus 19:8, where all the people answer Moses as one. Of the eleven New Testament occurrences, ten are in Acts, where it belongs to Luke's stock vocabulary for corporate action; the eleventh, Romans 15:6, pairs it with ἐν ἑνὶ στόματι and so makes the unity of mind explicit. The standard lexica agree on a core sense of concerted, unanimous action but differ over how much of the etymological force of θυμός survives: BDAG allows that in the Lukan summaries (Acts 2:46; 5:12) the adverb approaches a colorless "together," while LSJ and TDNT retain the fuller "with one accord." Commentators on Acts note that Luke applies the term with equal ease to the praying community and to hostile crowds (Acts 7:57; 18:12; 19:29), which tells against treating it as inherently a term for Christian concord.

Where scholars disagree about homothumadon

Whether the word still carries its full force of shared mind and purpose throughout Acts, or has weakened in at least some passages to mean simply "together, at the same time."

  • majorityThe word keeps its force everywhere it appears: it describes a group united in mind and purpose, not merely people gathered in one place.; LSJ, s.v. ὁμοθυμαδόν; TDNT, s.v. ὁμοθυμαδόν
  • minorityIn some passages, especially Luke's summary descriptions of the Jerusalem community, the adverb has faded to a colorless "together" or "all at once."; BDAG, s.v. ὁμοθυμαδόν

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ὁμοθυμαδόνlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ὁμοθυμαδόνlexicon
  • TDNT, s.v. ὁμοθυμαδόνdictionary
  • Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. ὁμοθυμαδόνlexicon
  • C. K. Barrett, The Acts of the Apostles, International Critical Commentary (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1994)commentary
  • Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Acts of the Apostles, Anchor Bible 31 (New York: Doubleday, 1998)commentary

All attested forms of ὁμοθυμαδόν

adv

ὁμοθυμαδὸν

Act 1:14, Act 2:46, Act 4:24, Act 5:12, Act 7:57, Act 8:6, Act 12:20, Act 15:25