south: the wind that blows up from the south, and the direction or region it blows from
This is the Greek word for the south, and it does two jobs at once. It names the wind that blows up from the south, and it names the quarter of the horizon that wind comes from. Greek speakers labeled the winds by where they came from, so one word covered both the breeze and the bearing, and the setting tells a reader which is meant.
The wind turns up in weather talk and at sea. Jesus tells a crowd that when they see the south wind blowing they say scorching heat is coming, because in that part of the world it comes up off the desert. Twice in the account of Paul's voyage a gentle wind out of the south is what decides the sailors: in Acts 27:13 it tempts them out of a safe harbor, and in Acts 28:13 it carries them up the Italian coast. A narrower word, λίψ, names the wind from the southwest, and the general word for any wind at all is ἄνεμος.
The other verses use it as a plain bearing. Three of the twelve gates of the new Jerusalem face south. People are gathered in from north and south to sit down in God's kingdom. And in the phrase "the queen of the South" the word has stretched from a bearing to the lands that lie that way, the far country the queen traveled from. Greek had a second way of pointing that direction, μεσημβρία, which properly means midday and reaches "south" by way of where the sun stands at noon.
Hebrew spread the same ground across several words: תֵּימָן, which like this Greek word can mean either the south or the south wind, the poetic דָּרוֹם, and נֶגֶב, the parched southern land whose name became a direction.