StrongerBible

keimai

κεῖμαι

GreekG2749lie, be laid, ...

Appears 26 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 3:10Mat 5:14Mat 28:6Luk 2:12Luk 2:16Luk 2:34Luk 3:9Luk 12:19Luk 23:53Luk 24:12Jhn 2:6Jhn 11:41Jhn 19:29Jhn 20:5Jhn 20:6Jhn 20:7Jhn 20:12Jhn 21:91Co 3:112Co 3:15Php 1:16(17)1Th 3:31Ti 1:91Jn 5:19Rev 4:2Rev 21:16
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyResearch-gradeKY-myverb

What keimai means

to lie in a settled position: to be where someone has put it, and to stay there

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

This verb is the still, finished side of the verb meaning to place or set (τίθημι). It never describes the act of putting something down; it describes the result, an object or person resting where it was laid and remaining there. So it can simply mean to lie:

  • an infant lies in a feeding trough
  • a body lies in a tomb
  • grave-cloths lie on the ground
  • water jars stand ready
  • a city sits on a hill

The placement may be recent or ancient, but the point is always that the thing is now in position and that position holds.

Because it carries this sense of something fixed in place by an earlier action, the same word reaches naturally beyond physical objects.

  • An axe lies poised at the root of a tree, ready for the stroke.
  • A foundation has been laid and now stands laid, so that no one can lay another in its place.
  • A law is on the books, in force.

And in its weightiest uses the unstated one who did the placing is God: a person is set, appointed, destined for something, or believers are positioned by God for the hardship that comes with following Jesus.

The range looks wide, but it is one idea seen at different distances. Whether the subject is a body, a building, a statute, or a calling, the claim is the same: it was put there, and it remains there. The reader who keeps that single thread in view will not be misled by the variety of English words translators reach for.

Nuances

1ato lie, of a body or a person at rest: an infant laid down, a corpse, grave-cloths left in place
Mat 28:6Luk 2:12Luk 2:16Luk 23:53Luk 24:12Jhn 11:41Jhn 20:5Jhn 20:6Jhn 20:7Jhn 20:12
1bto be situated, to stand, of an object in its place or a place in its location
Mat 5:14Jhn 2:6Jhn 19:29Jhn 21:9Rev 4:2Rev 21:16
1cto be set in place ready for use or action; to be stored up
Mat 3:10Luk 3:9Luk 12:19
1dof a foundation: to have been laid and to stand laid, fixed and unrepeatable
1Co 3:11
1eto be set, appointed, or destined by God for a purpose
Luk 2:34Php 1:16(17)1Th 3:3
1fof a law: to be in force, on the books
1Ti 1:9
1gto lie under, to rest in the power of, to be in a settled condition
2Co 3:151Jn 5:19

What scholars say about keimai

Lexica and grammars agree that κεῖμαι is a middle-only stative verb functioning as the suppletive perfect passive of τίθημι: it supplies the perfect-passive sense that τίθημι lacks, so that what is κεῖμαι has been placed and remains placed (Smyth, Greek Grammar §§791, 1752; Robertson, Grammar 312-313; BDF §§73, 94-97, 202; Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, perfective stative; Allan, The Middle Voice in Ancient Greek). BDAG groups the NT data in three tiers (recumbent position; situated on/in a place; transferred uses including appointment, legal validity, and the condition-idiom of 1 John 5:19); Louw-Nida distributes it across domains 17.26, 85.3, and 13.73; LSJ is the most granular, documenting the classical juristic formula "a law is laid down / in force" (Thuc. 2.37; Dem. 24.62; Lys. 14.9) that stands behind 1 Tim 1:9, carried on by Philo and Josephus and the papyri. TDNT (Buchsel, III.654-656) and EDNT stress the "divine passive" force in Luke 2:34, Phil 1:16, and 1 Thess 3:3, where God is the implicit one who has set the subject in place. Moulton-Milligan supply documentary parallels for corpses, stored grain, archived documents, pledged property, and contracts "in force", vindicating Deissmann's case that every NT nuance is at home in ordinary Hellenistic Greek. Commentators (Carson, Brown, Keener on the grave-cloths of John 20; Thiselton, Fee, Garland on the foundation of 1 Cor 3:11; Bock, Fitzmyer, Marshall, Nolland on Luke 2:34; Harris, Thrall, Barnett on 2 Cor 3:15; Brown, Smalley, Yarbrough, Kruse on 1 John 5:19) differ mainly on emphasis rather than on the verb's basic semantics.

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDAG, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 3rd ed. (2000), 537-538, s.v. κεῖμαιlexicon
  • LSJ, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. with 1996 Supplement, s.v. κεῖμαιlexicon
  • Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains, 2nd ed. (1989), §§13.73, 17.26, 85.3lexicon
  • F. Büchsel, "κεῖμαι," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT) III.654-656theological-dictionary
  • Balz and Schneider, Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament (EDNT) II.280, s.v. κεῖμαιtheological-dictionary
  • A. T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (1934), 312-313grammar
  • F. Blass, A. Debrunner, R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament (1961), §§73, 94-97, 202grammar
  • Daniel B. Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics (1996), 425, 573grammar
  • Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians, NIGTC (2000), 309-311commentary
  • Darrell L. Bock, Luke 1:1-9:50, BECNT (1994), on Luke 2:34commentary
  • William D. Mounce, Pastoral Epistles, WBC 46 (2000), on 1 Tim 1:9commentary
  • Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (1930), 339lexicon

All attested forms of κεῖμαι

present middle-or-passive indicative 3s

κεῖται

Mat 3:10, Luk 2:34, Luk 3:9, 2Co 3:15, 1Ti 1:9, 1Jn 5:19, Rev 21:16

imperfect middle-or-passive indicative 3s

ἔκειτο

Mat 28:6, Jhn 19:29, Jhn 20:12, Rev 4:2

present middle-or-passive participle accusative n p

κείμενα

Luk 12:19, Luk 24:12, Jhn 20:5, Jhn 20:6

present middle-or-passive participle accusative n s

κείμενον

Luk 2:12, Luk 2:16, Jhn 20:7

present middle-or-passive participle nominative m s

κειμένος, κείμενος

Jhn 11:41, Luk 23:53

present middle-or-passive indicative 1p

κείμεθα

1Th 3:3

present middle-or-passive indicative 1s

κεῖμαι

Php 1:16

present middle-or-passive participle accusative f s

κειμένην

Jhn 21:9

present middle-or-passive participle accusative m s

κείμενον

1Co 3:11

present middle-or-passive participle nominative f p

κείμεναι

Jhn 2:6

present middle-or-passive participle nominative f s

κειμένη

Mat 5:14