StrongerBible

thelō

θέλω

GreekG2309will, want, ...

Appears 211 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 1:19Mat 2:18Mat 7:12Mat 8:2Mat 8:3Mat 9:13Mat 11:14Mat 12:7Mat 12:38Mat 13:28Mat 14:5Mat 15:28Mat 15:32Mat 16:24Mat 16:25Mat 17:4Mat 17:12Mat 18:23Mat 18:30Mat 19:17Mat 19:21Mat 20:14Mat 20:15Mat 20:21Mat 20:26Mat 20:27Mat 20:32Mat 21:29Mat 22:3Mat 23:4Mat 23:37 (2×)Mat 26:15Mat 26:17Mat 26:39Mat 27:15Mat 27:17Mat 27:21Mat 27:34Mat 27:43Mrk 1:40Mrk 1:41Mrk 3:13Mrk 6:19Mrk 6:22Mrk 6:25Mrk 6:26Mrk 6:48Mrk 7:24Mrk 8:34Mrk 8:35
Names & words formed with this
Word studyResearch-gradeTHEH-lohverb

What thelō means

to will: to want, wish, or be disposed toward something, ranging from casual desire to deliberate purpose

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary, everyday verb for wanting in the New Testament, and by far the most common one. It runs across a wide band of the inner life: a light personal wish ("I would like"), a settled readiness to act ("I am willing"), a firm resolve or purpose, and, when God is the one wanting, his sovereign will ("God wants all people to be saved"). What holds the range together is the leaning of a person toward something, an act of the will rather than a passing feeling.

Older reference books drew a sharp line between this verb and its near-twin βούλομαι, claiming that one named warm, spontaneous desire and the other cool, deliberate purpose. Tellingly, respected authorities could not even agree on which verb was which, and closer study of everyday Greek documents from the New Testament era has shown the supposed line to be an illusion. By the first century this verb had simply become the standard word for willing and had absorbed most of what its rival once covered, so that in the great majority of passages the two are interchangeable. An interpretation that leans on a hard contrast between them, as some do at 2 Peter 3:9, is building on sand.

Because it is the plain word for willing, it carries some of the New Testament’s heaviest moments about the will itself. In Gethsemane Jesus prays "not what I want, but what you want." In Romans 7 Paul agonizes that "what I want to do, I do not do." The same verb names God’s saving purpose and, at times, a person’s stubborn refusal of it. The drama in these passages comes from theology, from questions about God’s will and human will, not from any hidden meaning tucked inside the word.

A distinct corner of its use means to take pleasure in or to prefer. This shows up especially in quotations from the Old Testament, where it echoes a Hebrew verb for delighting in something, as in "I desire mercy, not sacrifice," and in the everyday observation that no one who has drunk old wine wants the new.

Nuances

1ato wish or want: to desire that something be or happen
TranslatabilityApproximate
Mat 8:3Mat 15:32Mat 20:14Mat 20:15Mrk 6:25Mrk 10:51Luk 5:13Jhn 17:24Rom 1:13Rom 11:25Rom 16:191Co 7:7
1bto be willing or consent: to give one's readiness or agreement to act
Mat 5:40Mat 8:2Mrk 1:40Mrk 1:41Luk 5:12Luk 16:26Jhn 5:401Ti 5:11Rev 2:21Rev 11:5Rev 11:6Rev 22:17
1cto purpose or resolve: to will with settled determination, and of God to purpose sovereignly
Mat 26:39Mrk 14:36Jhn 3:8Jhn 5:21Jhn 7:17Rom 9:16Rom 9:18Rom 9:221Co 12:181Co 15:38Col 1:271Ti 2:4
1dto take pleasure in or prefer: to find something desirable or to favor it
Mat 9:13Mat 12:7Mat 27:43Mrk 9:13Luk 5:391Co 14:35Gal 4:9Gal 4:17Gal 6:12Gal 6:13Heb 10:5Heb 10:8

What scholars say about thelō

Standard lexica (BDAG; Abbott-Smith) gloss θέλω as "to will, wish, want, desire, intend, be willing," with a further nuance "to take pleasure or delight in" that reflects its Septuagint background. Louw and Nida group it with βούλομαι and ἐπιθυμέω under Domain 25 ("Desire, Want, Wish"), distinguishing them by intensity rather than opposing them. The older claim, associated with Trench and Grimm-Thayer, that θέλω denotes impulsive or emotional desire while βούλομαι denotes deliberate rational purpose is now widely regarded as untenable for New Testament Koine; that two authorities could assign opposite values to the same pair shows the distinction was read into the texts rather than out of them. LSJ notes that the strengthened Attic form ἐθέλω does not occur in the Septuagint or New Testament at all, only θέλω, and that θέλω nearly drove βούλομαι out of use in later Greek. Willy Clarysse’s study of the papyri and inscriptions (ZPE 167 [2008]: 144-148) shows θέλω to be the regular Koine form, with ἐθέλω surviving only in high-register documents; Moulton and Milligan document θέλω invading even the official legal formula ὁ βουλόμενος. Silva’s NIDNTTE and BDAG accordingly downplay the distinction, treating the two verbs as largely synonymous, so exegetical arguments built on a hard contrast (for example at 2 Peter 3:9, which in any case uses βούλομαι) are viewed with suspicion. Schrenk’s classic TDNT article (vol. 3) develops the theology of "the will of God" (θέλημα θεοῦ) but should be read with James Barr’s caution (The Semantics of Biblical Language, 1961) against importing the noun’s theological freight into every occurrence of the verb. In the Septuagint θέλω most often renders Hebrew חפץ (H2654, "delight in, desire") and אבה (H0014, "be willing"), and also רצה (H7521, "be pleased with"); it established the construction θέλω ἐν, "to delight in," which surfaces in the New Testament (Colossians 2:18; the Hosea 6:6 citations at Matthew 9:13 and 12:7).

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. θέλωlexicon
  • Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, s.v. θέλωlexicon
  • Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, §25.1-25.4lexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἐθέλω (θέλω)lexicon
  • W. Clarysse, "The Democratisation of Atticism: Θέλω and ἐθέλω in Papyri and Inscriptions," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 167 (2008): 144-148journal-article
  • J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. θέλωlexicon
  • M. Silva (ed.), New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis (NIDNTTE), s.v. θέλωtheological-dictionary
  • G. Schrenk, TDNT, vol. 3, s.v. θέλω / θέλημαtheological-dictionary
  • J. Barr, The Semantics of Biblical Language (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961)monograph

All attested forms of θέλω

present active indicative 1s

θέλω, Θέλω

Mat 8:3, Mat 9:13, Mat 12:7, Mat 15:32, Mat 20:14, Mat 20:15, Mat 21:29, Mat 26:39

present active indicative 2s

θέλεις

Mat 13:28, Mat 15:28, Mat 17:4, Mat 19:17, Mat 19:21, Mat 20:21, Mat 26:17, Mrk 10:51

present active indicative 3s

θέλει

Mat 16:24, Mat 27:43, Mrk 8:34, Mrk 9:35, Luk 5:39, Luk 9:23, Luk 13:31, Jhn 3:8

present active indicative 2p

θέλετε, θέλετέ

Mat 11:14, Mat 20:32, Mat 27:17, Mat 27:21, Mrk 15:9, Mrk 15:12, Luk 6:31, Jhn 5:40

imperfect active indicative 3s

ἤθελεν

Mat 2:18, Mat 18:30, Mrk 3:13, Mrk 6:19, Mrk 6:48, Mrk 7:24, Mrk 9:30, Luk 15:28

present active participle nominative m s

θέλων

Mat 1:19, Mat 14:5, Luk 10:29, Luk 14:28, Luk 23:8, Luk 23:20, Act 24:27, Act 25:9

aorist active indicative 3s

ἠθέλησεν

Mat 18:23, Mat 27:34, Mrk 6:26, Jhn 1:43, Act 16:3, 1Co 12:18, 1Co 15:38, Col 1:27

present active subjunctive 3s

θέλῃ

Mat 16:25, Mat 20:26, Mat 20:27, Mrk 8:35, Mrk 10:43, Mrk 10:44, Luk 9:24, Jhn 7:17

imperfect active indicative 3p

ἤθελον

Mat 22:3, Mat 27:15, Mrk 9:13, Jhn 6:11, Jhn 6:21, Jhn 7:44, Jhn 16:19

present active indicative 1p

θέλομεν

Mat 12:38, Mrk 10:35, Luk 19:14, Jhn 12:21, 2Co 1:8, 2Co 5:4, 1Th 4:13

present active indicative 3p

θέλουσιν

Mat 23:4, 1Co 14:35, Gal 4:17, Gal 6:12, Gal 6:13, 1Ti 5:11

present active participle nominative m p

θέλοντες, θέλοντές

Luk 16:26, Gal 1:7, 1Ti 1:7, 2Ti 3:12, Heb 13:18, Luk 8:20

present active infinitive

θέλειν

Rom 7:18, 2Co 8:10, 2Co 8:11, Php 2:13

present active subjunctive 2p

θέλητε

Mat 7:12, Mrk 14:7, Jhn 15:7, Gal 5:17

present active subjunctive 2s

θέλῃς

Mat 8:2, Mrk 1:40, Mrk 6:22, Luk 5:12

aorist active indicative 1s

ἠθέλησα

Mat 23:37, Luk 13:34, Phm 1:14

aorist active indicative 2p

ἠθελήσατε

Mat 23:37, Luk 13:34, Jhn 5:35

aorist active indicative 3p

ἠθέλησαν

Mat 17:12, Luk 10:24, Act 7:39

aorist active subjunctive 3s

θελήσῃ

1Co 4:19, Jas 4:15, Rev 11:5

present active optative 3s

θέλοι

Luk 1:62, Act 17:18, 1Pe 3:17

present active participle genitive m p

θελόντων

Mrk 12:38, Luk 20:46, 2Co 11:12

present active subjunctive 1s

θέλω

Luk 4:6, Jhn 21:22, Jhn 21:23

aorist active indicative 1p

ἠθελήσαμεν

Act 24:6, 1Th 2:18

aorist active indicative 2s

ἠθέλησας

Heb 10:5, Heb 10:8

present active participle dative m s

θέλοντι, θέλοντί

Rom 7:21, Mat 5:40

present active participle genitive m s

θέλοντος

Act 18:21, Rom 9:16

aorist active participle accusative m p

θελήσαντάς

Luk 19:27

aorist active subjunctive 1s

θελήσω

2Co 12:6

aorist active subjunctive 3p

θελήσωσιν

Rev 11:6

imperfect active indicative 1s

ἤθελον

Gal 4:20

imperfect active indicative 2s

ἤθελες

Jhn 21:18

present active participle accusative m p

θέλοντας

2Pe 3:5

present active participle accusative m s

θέλοντα

Mat 5:42

present active participle vocative m p

θέλοντες

Gal 4:21

present active subjunctive 3p

θέλωσιν

Act 26:5