StrongerBible

epeita

ἔπειτα

GreekG1899then, next, ...

Appears 16 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Luk 16:7Jhn 11:71Co 12:28 (2×)1Co 15:61Co 15:71Co 15:231Co 15:46Gal 1:18Gal 1:21Gal 2:11Th 4:17Heb 7:2
Compound of
Names & words formed with this
Word studyEP-ay-tahadverb

What epeita means

then, after that: what comes next in the order, often a later stage reached once time has passed

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is a small connecting word with one job: it puts things in order. It tells you that what follows came after what came before. It says nothing about how long the gap was, nothing about why one thing led to another, and nothing about the hour or the day.

Sometimes the order is an order of events. A manager questions one debtor and then turns to the next; Jesus waits where he is and then tells the disciples they are going back to Judea. Sometimes the order is not in time at all but in a list, as when Paul ranks what God has set in the church, or when James counts off the marks of wisdom from above, starting with pure and moving on to peaceable. The word is the same in both places; only the thing being put in order changes.

Because it fixes order but not distance, it can span years as easily as minutes. Paul builds the account of his early travels on it, writing "then after three years" and "then after fourteen years", and there the size of the gap comes from the numbers he supplies, never from the word itself. Where a writer wants the very next move in a scene already underway, he is as likely to reach for the near twin of this word (εἶτα); in one sentence of 1 Corinthians 15 Paul uses both, one after the other, with no change of sense. Where he wants to pin something to a particular moment instead, he uses the word for "at that time" (τότε).

Nuances

1athen, after that: the next thing to happen as events unfold in time
Luk 16:7Jhn 11:71Co 15:61Co 15:71Co 15:231Co 15:46Gal 1:18Gal 1:21Gal 2:11Th 4:17Heb 7:27Jas 4:14
Gal 2:1

Which Jerusalem visit Galatians 2:1 describes, and therefore how much the chain of ἔπειτα clauses in Galatians 1:18, 1:21 and 2:1 can carry as a complete and sequential itinerary.

  • majorityThe ἔπειτα series, reinforced by the oath of Galatians 1:20, gives a complete and ordered account of Paul's contacts with Jerusalem, and the visit of 2:1-10 is the conference of Acts 15.; Hans Dieter Betz, Galatians (Hermeneia), on Galatians 1:18-2:10; J. Louis Martyn, Galatians (Anchor Bible), on Galatians 2:1-10
  • minorityThe visit of 2:1-10 is the famine-relief visit of Acts 11:30, so the letter was written before the Jerusalem conference, and the ἔπειτα series need not be read as excluding a visit Paul had no reason to mention.; F. F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians (NIGTC), on Galatians 2:1-10; Richard N. Longenecker, Galatians (Word Biblical Commentary), on Galatians 2:1
1bnext: the next item in a list, a ranking, or a point being spelled out
TranslatabilityDirect
1Co 12:28 (2×)Heb 7:2Jas 3:17

What scholars say about epeita

BDAG divides ἔπειτα into temporal succession ("thereupon, then") and succession in an enumeration ("then, next, in the next place"), assigning Lk 16:7; Jn 11:7; 1 Cor 15:6, 7, 23, 46; Gal 1:18, 21; 2:1; 1 Th 4:17; Heb 7:27 and Jas 4:14 to the first, and 1 Cor 12:28 (twice), Heb 7:2 and Jas 3:17 to the second. LSJ documents the same range in classical prose, together with the correlation πρῶτον μέν ... ἔπειτα δέ that Heb 7:2 and Jas 3:17 reproduce, and Moulton and Milligan attest the word as an ordinary sequencing particle in the papyri. Two clusters of exegetical discussion attach to it. On 1 Cor 15:23-24 Fee and Thiselton read the alternation of ἔπειτα and εἶτα in the resurrection catalogue as stylistic variation marking order alone, so that the question of an interval between the raising of Christ's people and the end is decided by the argument of vv. 20-28 rather than lexically. On Gal 1:18-2:1 the three ἔπειτα clauses form the backbone of Pauline chronology: Betz and Martyn take the series, reinforced by the oath of 1:20, as a complete and sequential account of Paul's contacts with Jerusalem and identify 2:1-10 with the conference of Acts 15, whereas Bruce and Longenecker identify 2:1-10 with the famine-relief visit of Acts 11:30 and date the letter before that conference. On either reconstruction the phrase διὰ δεκατεσσάρων ἐτῶν in 2:1 fixes only the length of the interval and not the point from which it is measured, so whether the fourteen years run from the conversion or from the visit of 1:18 remains open.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἔπειταlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἔπειταlexicon
  • James Hope Moulton and George Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. ἔπειταlexicon
  • Hans Dieter Betz, Galatians (Hermeneia), on Galatians 1:18-2:10commentary
  • J. Louis Martyn, Galatians (Anchor Bible), on Galatians 1:18-2:10commentary
  • F. F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians (NIGTC), on Galatians 1:18-2:10commentary
  • Richard N. Longenecker, Galatians (Word Biblical Commentary), on Galatians 2:1commentary
  • Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (NICNT), on 1 Corinthians 15:23-24commentary
  • Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (NIGTC), on 1 Corinthians 15:23-24commentary

All attested forms of ἔπειτα

adv

ἔπειτα, Ἔπειτα

Luk 16:7, Jhn 11:7, 1Co 12:28, 1Co 12:28, 1Co 15:6, 1Co 15:7, 1Co 15:23, 1Co 15:46