StrongerBible

empiptō

ἐμπίπτω

GreekG1706fall into, fall among, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 12:11Luk 6:39Luk 10:361Ti 3:61Ti 3:71Ti 6:9Heb 10:31
Compound of
Word studyem-PIP-tohverb

What empiptō means

to fall into something that closes around you: to land inside a pit, inside another's grip, or inside a ruined condition you cannot simply step back out of

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Greek made this verb out of the ordinary word for falling (πίπτω) plus a prefix meaning "in" or "into." The prefix carries the whole point. This is not falling over or falling down; it is ending up inside something, with the walls of the thing now around you. Where the same root with the opposite prefix means coming out of a place that was holding you (ἐκπίπτω), this word means going in.

Seven New Testament uses all keep that shape, and they climb from the literal to the terrifying:

  • a sheep drops into a pit on the Sabbath and has to be hauled out, and two blind men walking together end up in the same ditch
  • a traveler on the Jericho road ends up in the hands of bandits who strip him and leave him
  • a church leader who thinks too much of himself ends up inside a verdict, or inside disgrace, or inside a trap
  • the writer of Hebrews names the most fearful landing of all, into the hands of the living God

What holds the range together is not the badness of the destination but its grip. In every case the person or animal arrives somewhere that now has hold of them, which is why a snare is the picture Paul reaches for twice.

It is worth noticing what the word does not say. It assigns no blame. The sheep is innocent, the traveler is a victim, and the man who wants to get rich has walked straight toward the trap himself, yet Greek uses the same verb for all three. Someone put into a place by another party gets a different verb altogether (ἐμβάλλω). Luke shows how fine the shading can be: in the story of the good neighbor he says at the start that the traveler ran into robbers (περιπίπτω), and then at the end, looking back on where the man wound up, that he fell into their hands.

Nuances

1ato fall into a hole in the ground: to tumble into a pit or ditch and be stuck there
TranslatabilityDirect
Mat 12:11Luk 6:39
1bto fall into the hands of someone with power over you: to end up in a grip you cannot get free of
Luk 10:36Heb 10:31
1cto fall into a ruinous condition: to end up caught in disgrace, in a guilty verdict, or in a trap set for you
1Ti 3:61Ti 3:71Ti 6:9

What scholars say about empiptō

BDAG treats ἐμπίπτω as a single verb, ἐν plus πίπτω, and divides the seven New Testament occurrences into a literal use, falling into a pit or ditch (Mt 12:11; Lk 6:39), and a transferred use, falling into a state or into someone's power (Lk 10:36; 1 Tim 3:6, 7; 6:9; Heb 10:31). LSJ documents the same spread in classical prose, where the verb is standard for falling into misfortune, into perplexity, or into disease, and also for an army or a person falling upon an enemy; the construction with εἰς plus an abstract noun is well attested there and is what the Pastorals draw on. Michaelis's TDNT article on πίπτω and its compounds (6:161-73) supplies the wider field, and EDNT summarizes the New Testament distribution. The Greek Old Testament regularly uses the verb for נָפַל with a following preposition, which accounts for two idioms behind these texts: falling into the pit one dug oneself (Prov 26:27; Ps 7:15; Sir 27:26) and falling into the hands of God or of enemies (2 Sam 24:14; Sir 2:18). Commentators on Hebrews, including Attridge in Hermeneia, Lane in WBC, and Ellingworth in NIGTC, read 10:31 against that idiom and note that the writer inverts David's choice: what David chose as mercy becomes, for the apostate, the thing most to be feared. In the Pastorals the phrase παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου (1 Tim 3:7; cf. 2 Tim 2:26) is widely taken as the devil's own snare, while the genitive in κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου (1 Tim 3:6) is disputed: Marshall in ICC, Knight in NIGTC, and Towner in NICNT favor reading it of the condemnation the devil incurred, so that the conceited candidate shares the devil's fate, while a minority construe it as a condemning accusation brought about by the devil, a reading Mounce in WBC records and weighs. On 1 Tim 6:9 Marshall and Towner note the piling up of πειρασμός, παγίς, and ruinous desires as a single image of entrapment rather than three separate dangers. On Mt 12:11 Davies and Allison in ICC observe that the βόθυνος is an ordinary field pit and that the halakhic question behind the saying concerns rescuing an animal on the Sabbath, a debate also visible at Qumran.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἐμπίπτωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἐμπίπτωlexicon
  • W. Michaelis, "πίπτω," TDNT 6:161-73dictionary
  • EDNT, s.v. ἐμπίπτωdictionary
  • Harold W. Attridge, The Epistle to the Hebrews, Hermeneia (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1989), on Hebrews 10:31commentary
  • William L. Lane, Hebrews 9-13, WBC 47B (Dallas: Word, 1991), on Hebrews 10:31commentary
  • Paul Ellingworth, The Epistle to the Hebrews, NIGTC (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993), on Hebrews 10:31commentary
  • I. Howard Marshall, The Pastoral Epistles, ICC (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1999), on 1 Timothy 3:6-7 and 6:9commentary
  • George W. Knight III, The Pastoral Epistles, NIGTC (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992), on 1 Timothy 3:6commentary
  • Philip H. Towner, The Letters to Timothy and Titus, NICNT (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006), on 1 Timothy 3:6 and 6:9commentary
  • William D. Mounce, Pastoral Epistles, WBC 46 (Nashville: Nelson, 2000), on 1 Timothy 3:6commentary
  • W. D. Davies and Dale C. Allison, The Gospel According to Saint Matthew, ICC, vol. 2 (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1991), on Matthew 12:11commentary

All attested forms of ἐμπίπτω

second-aorist active subjunctive 3s

ἐμπέσῃ

Mat 12:11, 1Ti 3:6, 1Ti 3:7

future middle-or-passive indicative 3p

ἐμπεσοῦνται

Luk 6:39

present active indicative 3p

ἐμπίπτουσιν

1Ti 6:9

second-aorist active infinitive

ἐμπεσεῖν

Heb 10:31

second-aorist active participle genitive m s

ἐμπεσόντος

Luk 10:36