StrongerBible

agapaō

ἀγαπάω

GreekG0025love

Appears 143 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 5:43Mat 5:44Mat 5:46 (2×)Mat 6:24Mat 19:19Mat 22:37Mat 22:39Mrk 10:21Mrk 12:30Mrk 12:31Mrk 12:33 (2×)Luk 6:27Luk 6:32 (4×)Luk 6:35Luk 7:5Luk 7:42Luk 7:47 (2×)Luk 10:27Luk 11:43Luk 16:13Jhn 3:16Jhn 3:19Jhn 3:35Jhn 8:42Jhn 10:17Jhn 11:5Jhn 12:43Jhn 13:1 (2×)Jhn 13:23Jhn 13:34 (3×)Jhn 14:15Jhn 14:21 (4×)Jhn 14:23 (2×)Jhn 14:24Jhn 14:28Jhn 14:31Jhn 15:9 (2×)Jhn 15:12 (2×)Jhn 15:17Jhn 17:23 (2×)Jhn 17:24Jhn 17:26Jhn 19:26Jhn 21:7Jhn 21:15Jhn 21:16Jhn 21:20Rom 8:28Rom 8:37Rom 9:13
Root family
Word studyah-gah-PAH-ohverb

What agapaō means

to love: to value someone or something so highly that you act for their good and hold to them

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the New Testament's main word for love. At its heart it is not a feeling that washes over a person but a settled regard that treats someone as precious and seeks their good, whatever the cost. That is why it can be commanded: you are told to love your neighbor, and even your enemy, which would make little sense if the word named only an emotion you cannot summon at will.

The same word covers the whole map of love. It names God's love for the world and for his Son, a person's love for God, love between husband and wife, love for neighbor and for enemy, and the love Christians owe one another. The writers, above all John and Paul, made it the signature word for the self-giving love shown at the cross, where God gives up what is most precious for people who had not earned it.

The one place the meaning seems to turn is when the object is wrong. The same act of treasuring something and clinging to it becomes a fault when the thing loved is darkness, money, human praise, or the present world. The word itself does not change; what changes is whether the thing held so dear is worth loving. So loving the wrong thing is condemned in the very terms that loving God is praised.

Nuances

1ato love with a giving, committed love: to treasure another and act for their good, supremely God's love at the cross and the love modeled on it
Jhn 3:16Jhn 13:1 (2×)Jhn 13:34 (3×)Jhn 15:9 (2×)Jhn 15:12 (2×)Rom 8:37Rom 9:13Gal 2:20Eph 2:4Eph 5:2Eph 5:25 (2×)1Jn 4:10 (2×)
1bto love as a duty owed to others: the commanded love of God, of neighbor, and even of enemies
Mat 5:43Mat 5:44Mat 19:19Mat 22:37Mat 22:39Mrk 12:30Mrk 12:31Mrk 12:33 (2×)Luk 6:27Luk 6:35Luk 10:27Rom 13:8 (2×)
1cto love wrongly: to treasure and cling to something that does not deserve it, such as money, human praise, darkness, or the present world
Mat 6:24Luk 11:43Luk 16:13Jhn 3:19Jhn 12:432Ti 4:102Pe 2:151Jn 2:15 (2×)Rev 12:11

What scholars say about agapaō

Standard lexica (BDAG) treat the verb as a single broad term, to have a warm regard for and interest in another, to cherish, with God's redemptive love a prominent application rather than a separate meaning. TDNT (Stauffer) traces how the Septuagint's heavy use of this verb to render the Hebrew root for love, together with its relatively colorless profile in classical Greek, left it free to carry the distinctive biblical sense of God's electing, self-giving love. Later study (Joly; Barr's caution against over-reading word choice; Carson on John 21) has largely dismantled the popular claim that the verb names a uniquely divine or selfless love in fixed contrast to phileo, noting that the New Testament applies it to misplaced loves and uses it interchangeably with phileo.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἀγαπάωlexicon
  • Ethelbert Stauffer, "ἀγαπάω, ἀγάπη, ἀγαπητός," TDNT 1:21-55theological-dictionary
  • Robert Joly, Le vocabulaire chrétien de l'amour est-il original? Philein et agapan dans le grec antique (1968)monograph
  • D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 1991), on John 21:15-17commentary
  • James Barr, The Semantics of Biblical Language (1961)monograph

All attested forms of ἀγαπάω

present active participle nominative m s

ἀγαπῶν

Jhn 14:21, Jhn 14:21, Jhn 14:24, Rom 13:8, 2Co 12:15, Eph 5:28, 1Jn 2:10, 1Jn 3:10

aorist active indicative 3s

ἠγάπησεν, ἠγάπησέν

Mrk 10:21, Luk 7:47, Jhn 3:16, Jhn 13:1, Eph 2:4, Eph 5:2, Eph 5:25, 2Pe 2:15

future active indicative 2s

ἀγαπήσεις

Mat 5:43, Mat 19:19, Mat 22:37, Mat 22:39, Mrk 12:30, Mrk 12:31, Luk 10:27, Rom 13:9

present active indicative 3s

ἀγαπᾷ

Luk 7:5, Luk 7:47, Jhn 3:35, Jhn 10:17, 1Co 8:3, 2Co 9:7, Eph 5:28, Heb 12:6

present active infinitive

ἀγαπᾶν

Mrk 12:33, Mrk 12:33, Rom 13:8, Eph 5:28, 1Th 4:9, 1Pe 3:10, 1Jn 4:11, 1Jn 4:20

present active imperative 2p

ἀγαπᾶτε

Mat 5:44, Luk 6:27, Luk 6:35, Eph 5:25, Col 3:19, 1Pe 2:17, 1Jn 2:15

present active subjunctive 1p

ἀγαπῶμεν

1Jn 3:11, 1Jn 3:18, 1Jn 3:23, 1Jn 4:7, 1Jn 4:12, 1Jn 5:2, 2Jn 1:5

aorist active indicative 1s

ἠγάπησα, ἠγάπησά

Jhn 13:34, Jhn 15:9, Jhn 15:12, Rom 9:13, Rev 3:9

aorist active indicative 2s

ἠγάπησας, ἠγάπησάς

Jhn 17:23, Jhn 17:23, Heb 1:9, Jhn 17:24, Jhn 17:26

imperfect active indicative 3s

ἠγάπα, Ἠγάπα

Jhn 13:23, Jhn 19:26, Jhn 21:7, Jhn 21:20, Jhn 11:5

present active indicative 1s

ἀγαπῶ

Jhn 14:31, 2Co 11:11, 1Jn 4:20, 2Jn 1:1, 3Jn 1:1

present active subjunctive 2p

ἀγαπᾶτε, ἀγαπᾶτέ

Jhn 13:34, Jhn 13:34, Jhn 15:12, Jhn 15:17, Jhn 14:15

future active indicative 3s

ἀγαπήσει

Mat 6:24, Luk 7:42, Luk 16:13, Jhn 14:23

present active participle dative m p

ἀγαπῶσιν

Rom 8:28, 1Co 2:9, Jas 1:12, Jas 2:5

aorist active indicative 3p

ἠγάπησαν

Jhn 3:19, Jhn 12:43, Rev 12:11

aorist active participle nominative m s

ἀγαπήσας

Jhn 13:1, 2Th 2:16, 2Ti 4:10

perfect passive participle accusative f s

ἠγαπημένην

Rom 9:25, Rom 9:25, Rev 20:9

present active indicative 1p

ἀγαπῶμεν

1Jn 3:14, 1Jn 4:19, 1Jn 5:2

present active indicative 2p

ἀγαπᾶτε

Luk 6:32, Luk 11:43, 1Pe 1:8

present active participle accusative m p

ἀγαπῶντας

Mat 5:46, Luk 6:32, Luk 6:32

present active subjunctive 3s

ἀγαπᾷ

Jhn 14:23, 1Jn 2:15, 1Jn 4:21

aorist active participle genitive m s

ἀγαπήσαντος, ἀγαπήσαντός

Rom 8:37, Gal 2:20

imperfect active indicative 2p

ἠγαπᾶτε, ἠγαπᾶτέ

Jhn 8:42, Jhn 14:28

perfect passive participle vocative m p

ἠγαπημένοι

1Th 1:4, 2Th 2:13

present active indicative 2s

ἀγαπᾷς

Jhn 21:15, Jhn 21:16

aorist active imperative 2p

ἀγαπήσατε

1Pe 1:22

aorist active subjunctive 2p

ἀγαπήσητε

Mat 5:46

future active indicative 1s

ἀγαπήσω

Jhn 14:21

future passive indicative 3s

ἀγαπηθήσεται

Jhn 14:21

perfect active indicative 1p

ἠγαπήκαμεν

1Jn 4:10

perfect active participle dative m p

ἠγαπηκόσιν

2Ti 4:8

perfect passive participle dative m p

ἠγαπημένοις

Jud 1:1

perfect passive participle dative m s

ἠγαπημένῳ

Eph 1:6

perfect passive participle nominative m p

ἠγαπημένοι

Col 3:12

present active imperative 3s

ἀγαπάτω

Eph 5:33

present active indicative 3p

ἀγαπῶσιν

Luk 6:32

present active participle dative m s

ἀγαπῶντι

Rev 1:5

present active participle genitive m p

ἀγαπώντων

Eph 6:24

present passive indicative 1s

ἀγαπῶμαι

2Co 12:15